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The James Webb Space Telescope is a giant telescope floating far out in space, built to detect faint infrared light from extremely distant galaxies, some of which formed not long after the universe itself began billions of years ago. Its huge mirror and sensitive instruments let it spot light that has traveled for most of the universe's history to finally reach us.

The International Space Station is a home for astronauts orbiting much closer to Earth, not a telescope built to study distant galaxies, and a weather satellite is designed to watch Earth's clouds and storms, not to look outward into deep space.

Because infrared light can pass through clouds of space dust that block visible light, Webb can see through dusty regions where stars and galaxies are forming, revealing sights that older telescopes simply couldn't detect.