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Bitcoin and thousands of other cryptocurrencies all lean on the very same underlying technology, spreading their records across countless computers around the world.
A blockchain records transactions in blocks cryptographically linked to the block before them, forming a chain, and copies of this entire chain are distributed across thousands of independent computers rather than stored in one location. Altering any past entry would break the cryptographic links to every following block and require simultaneously changing a majority of distributed copies, making tampering extremely difficult.
An encrypted email is simply a private message protected from unauthorized reading, an entirely different concept, and a chain of linked factories is a supply-chain idea with no technical relationship to blockchain.
While best known as the technology behind Bitcoin, blockchain's core idea of a shared, verifiable record has also been explored for tracking supply chains and securing voting systems, well beyond digital money.
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