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In 2023, European regulators issued the largest data-privacy penalty ever recorded under the GDPR, the bloc's sweeping data protection law.
Illegally sending EU users' data to the US is what the record fine punished. Ireland's data protection regulator determined that Meta had transferred the personal data of Facebook users in the EU to the United States without the legal safeguards European data protection law, the GDPR, requires for such international transfers, and the resulting penalty became the largest ever issued under the regulation.
Selling fake advertising metrics to brands and hiding a major customer data breach describe different kinds of corporate wrongdoing entirely, neither of which was the specific violation this particular record fine addressed.
This fine highlighted an ongoing tension between European and American approaches to government surveillance and data protection law, since a core part of the regulator's concern was that data moved to the US could become accessible to American intelligence agencies in ways that EU law does not permit for data about EU citizens.
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