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On December 8, 2024, rebel fighters swept into Damascus and ended more than five decades of one family's rule, sending the president fleeing to Russia.
Bashar al-Assad's government fell December 8, 2024, when rebels led by Ahmed al-Sharaa's Hayat Tahrir al-Sham swept into Damascus, ending rule that passed from his father to him over more than five decades. Assad fled to Russia and was granted asylum.
Muammar Gaddafi's government fell years earlier, in 2011, in a different uprising, and Gaddafi was killed rather than fleeing. Omar al-Bashir of Sudan was removed in 2019 through a separate domestic uprising.
Al-Sharaa, the rebel commander who led the offensive, went on to become Syria's president in 2025, showing how quickly a rebellion's leader can become formal head of state.
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