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A class of medicines first developed for type 2 diabetes, mimicking a hormone made in the gut, became a global sensation for weight loss in the 2020s under brand names like Ozempic and Wegovy.

What natural hormone do these drugs imitate to curb appetite and blood sugar?

GLP-1, a hormone released in the gut
These are GLP-1 receptor agonists; semaglutide mimics the gut hormone GLP-1, which slows stomach emptying and signals fullness. First made for diabetes, they drove dramatic weight loss in trials and reshaped obesity care.

These drugs imitate GLP-1, a hormone naturally released in the gut after eating, which slows down stomach emptying and sends signals to the brain that create a feeling of fullness, along with helping regulate blood sugar, which is why medicines built around this mechanism became powerful tools for both diabetes management and weight loss.

Insulin is a different hormone entirely, made by the pancreas to help cells absorb sugar from the blood, not to control appetite or stomach emptying the way GLP-1 does. Adrenaline is the body's stress hormone, tied to the fight-or-flight response, with no role in appetite regulation.

These drugs, sold under brand names like Ozempic and Wegovy, were originally developed purely to treat type 2 diabetes, and their dramatic weight-loss effect was something of a happy side discovery during clinical trials that ended up reshaping the entire field of obesity treatment.

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