This living-cell-free way of making biological products is known as what?

Cell-free synthesis is the name for this living-cell-free biomanufacturing method, where scientists extract a cell's molecular machinery, including ribosomes and the enzymes needed to build proteins, into a test tube and then supply it with DNA instructions to manufacture proteins directly, without needing to keep any living cells alive or growing.

Cloning refers to creating a genetically identical copy of an organism or cell, a process centered on reproducing whole living entities rather than extracting machinery to manufacture proteins outside of cells. Pasteurization is a heat treatment used to kill harmful microbes in food or drink, a food-safety process unrelated to protein manufacturing.

Because cell-free systems skip the slow process of growing living cultures, they enable remarkably fast, portable production of things like vaccines and medicines, potentially even in field conditions far from a traditional manufacturing facility.