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Certain metal alloys can be bent out of shape, then snap back to their original form when heated, almost as if they remember it.
Shape-memory alloys are metals that can be bent out of shape and then snap back to a pre-set original form when heated, because their internal crystal structure shifts between two distinct arrangements depending on temperature. One arrangement allows the metal to be easily deformed, while warming it triggers a shift back to the original crystal structure, effectively restoring the original shape.
Radioactive isotopes are unstable atomic nuclei that decay over time, an entirely unrelated nuclear phenomenon with nothing to do with a material remembering its shape. Permanent ferromagnets are materials that retain magnetism, a different physical property governed by magnetic domains rather than temperature-triggered shape recovery.
Nitinol, a nickel-titanium shape-memory alloy, is widely used in self-expanding heart stents that can be compressed to fit through a thin catheter and then spring open to their intended shape once warmed by body temperature inside the patient.
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