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A single gram of this molecule could in principle hold hundreds of millions of gigabytes of data, and stay readable for thousands of years if kept cool and dry.
DNA is the molecule researchers are using as this ultra-dense data archive, because information can be encoded using its four chemical bases, commonly abbreviated A, T, G, and C, in place of the ones and zeros of conventional computer storage. Because DNA molecules are so small yet encode so much information per strand, a tiny sample can theoretically store an enormous quantity of digital data.
Graphene is a single-atom-thick sheet of carbon prized for strength and conductivity, not for storing data through a genetic code. Silicon is the material behind computer chips and solar panels, useful for processing and converting energy, but not the molecule explored for ultra-dense archival storage.
DNA's remarkable chemical stability means that, if kept cool and dry, encoded data could theoretically remain readable for thousands of years, making it an appealing candidate for archiving the world's rapidly growing mountain of rarely accessed digital information.
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