Korean health insurance splits medical costs between the state and the patient. What do you call the items that insurance doesn't cover, so the patient pays in full — the opposite of the covered portion?

Korean health insurance divides medical charges into "covered" (geup-yeo) items, where national insurance pays a share and the patient pays the rest, and "non-covered" (bigeup-yeo) items, which insurance doesn't subsidize at all, meaning the patient pays the entire cost — things like cosmetic procedures, certain advanced tests, or a private hospital room upgrade.

"Free treatment" doesn't exist as a formal insurance category, since even covered care usually requires some co-payment, and "tax-exempt" describes a tax status, unrelated to how medical billing works.

Because non-covered costs can add up quickly, many residents buy a supplemental private indemnity policy specifically to offset the gap the national system leaves uncovered, rather than replacing NHI itself.