What term describes this scam that uses AI to clone a real person's face or voice?

Deepfake fraud uses artificial intelligence to convincingly recreate a real person's face and voice, letting scammers impersonate trusted colleagues or executives in real time, even during live video calls. In the Hong Kong case, the finance worker saw and heard what appeared to be genuine coworkers instructing him to transfer funds, illustrating how AI has made it possible to fake not just an email but an entire believable video meeting.

A chargeback dispute is a routine banking process where a customer contests a credit card charge, unrelated to impersonation. A watering-hole attack involves hacking a website that a target group commonly visits to infect their devices, a technical intrusion method with no video or voice mimicry involved.

This case pushed many companies to adopt a simple defense: verifying any unusual money request through a separate, independently confirmed channel, since a realistic video call alone can no longer be treated as proof of someone's identity.