tech
Engineers rate driving automation on a scale where the top rung means the car needs no human to take over, anywhere.
Level 5 on the SAE scale means a vehicle can handle every driving task in every condition a human could, with no steering wheel needed at all. Engineers built the scale to bring order to loose terms like "self-driving," defining each rung by how much driving shifts from human to machine and under what conditions the system may operate.
Twelve isn't a real rung at all, simply too large for a scale with just six steps from zero to five. Level 3 sits in the middle, where the car can drive itself in limited conditions but still expects a human to take back control when asked, far from the no-conditions promise of full automation.
Ironically, most cars marketed today as having "autopilot" features are still only Level 2, meaning the driver must keep hands ready and eyes on the road at all times, even while the car steers and brakes itself.
tech
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