What are these new permits commonly called?

Digital nomad visas are special residency permits that let remote workers legally live in a country while their salary continues to come from an employer based elsewhere. Countries from Portugal to Estonia created these programs to attract people who will spend money locally on housing, food, and services without competing for scarce local jobs, since their income and work obligations remain tied abroad.

Diplomatic passports are official travel documents issued to government representatives for diplomatic purposes, entirely unrelated to remote work arrangements. Transit visas simply permit brief passage through a country en route to another destination, not extended residency for working remotely.

These visa programs have become a genuine economic strategy for smaller nations and cities, some of which actively market themselves to remote workers with tax incentives or co-working communities to boost local spending.