science
Cities are often several degrees hotter than the surrounding countryside because dark roofs and asphalt soak up sunlight, a problem that worsens during heat waves.
The urban heat island effect is the phenomenon described. Dark surfaces like asphalt and rooftops absorb far more sunlight than grass or trees, releasing that absorbed energy as heat, while cities also have less vegetation to provide shade and cooling moisture. Urban areas routinely run several degrees warmer than the surrounding countryside, an effect that becomes especially dangerous during heat waves.
The greenhouse effect describes atmospheric gases trapping heat globally, a planet-wide phenomenon rather than a city-specific one, and the Coriolis effect concerns how Earth's rotation deflects moving air and water, unrelated to why cities run hotter than nearby farmland.
Cities have responded by painting rooftops white and planting more trees, both of which reflect sunlight or provide shade, and such changes have been shown to noticeably lower indoor temperatures and cut cooling costs.
science
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