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As chips move ever more data, engineers increasingly send information between them using beams of light instead of electrical signals on copper wires.

What is this technology of guiding light on a chip called?

Silicon photonics
Silicon photonics integrates optical components onto chips, moving data faster and with less heat than copper. It is becoming vital inside data centers straining under the surge in AI workloads.

Silicon photonics builds tiny optical parts, waveguides, modulators, detectors, directly onto silicon chips using standard chip-manufacturing techniques. Instead of pushing electrons through copper, which loses signal and generates heat, the chip sends light pulses through microscopic channels, moving data faster with far less waste heat as chips pack denser.

Silicon harmonics and silicon ceramics are not recognized technologies; the first sounds like acoustics, the second describes heat-resistant materials, neither an optical data method.

AI's computing surge makes this vital, since training large models means shuttling huge data between thousands of chips, and copper connections bottleneck at that scale, pushing chipmakers toward optical interconnects.

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