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A 2024 study published in the journal Nature overturned a long-held assumption about one of Stonehenge's most important stones.

Where did researchers trace the origin of Stonehenge's six-tonne Altar Stone?

Northeast Scotland, over 750 km away
Mineral dating matched the Altar Stone to the Old Red Sandstone of Scotland's Orcadian Basin, not Wales as long assumed, implying prehistoric Britons moved the massive stone at least 750 km, likely by sea, and this is the longest confirmed transport of any stone used in a Neolithic monument in Britain.

Researchers matched the Altar Stone's mineral composition to distinctive rock formations in northeast Scotland by comparing the age and chemistry of its mineral grains to known geological sources, since different bedrock regions leave unique chemical fingerprints that survive after quarrying.

Wales had long been assumed because Stonehenge's smaller bluestones do come from Welsh quarries, so researchers expected the Altar Stone to match; the mineral evidence overturned that. Northern France was never a serious candidate.

Moving a six-tonne stone over 750 km with only Neolithic tools suggests it traveled by sea, implying prehistoric Britons had far more seafaring skill and cooperation than previously appreciated.

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