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The European Union's Digital Markets Act, fully in force since 2023, targets the largest tech firms to keep digital markets open and contestable.
A large platform controlling access between firms and users is what counts as a designated 'gatekeeper' under the DMA. These are the biggest digital platforms, whose core services like app stores, search engines, or messaging apps sit as a crucial middle layer between businesses trying to reach customers and the consumers trying to reach those businesses, giving the platform outsized power over who gets seen and how.
A government agency approving mobile apps and a security tool blocking unverified downloads both describe entirely different kinds of entities or functions, neither of which matches the DMA's specific definition of a gatekeeper as a dominant commercial platform.
Once a company is designated a gatekeeper, the DMA obligates it to allow rival services to interoperate with its platform and prohibits it from unfairly favoring its own products over competitors', rules designed specifically to keep the biggest digital chokepoints from locking out smaller rivals.
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