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As popular blockchains got congested, fees sometimes spiked to tens of dollars per transaction, so engineers built new networks 'on top' of them.
Processing many transactions cheaply and then settling on the main chain is the main goal of layer-2 rollups. These networks batch together large numbers of transactions off the main blockchain, then submit a single compressed proof back confirming the batch is valid, letting users pay a small shared fee instead of the full cost of an individual transaction, while still relying on the main chain's security to guarantee everything is correct.
Replacing the entire internet with one computer describes nothing rollups actually do, and permanently deleting old transactions runs directly against how blockchains work, since preserving a complete transaction history is central to their design.
Networks like Arbitrum and Optimism built their entire business around this rollup approach, and their rise reflects a broader pattern in blockchain development where congestion and high fees on a popular base chain spur an ecosystem of supporting networks built specifically to relieve that pressure.
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