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Instead of keeping files on one company's servers, some networks split your data into pieces and scatter encrypted copies across thousands of computers worldwide.
Decentralized storage is the general term for this approach. Rather than keeping an entire file on one company's central servers, these networks split data into encrypted pieces and distribute copies across many independent computers worldwide, often identifying files by the content itself rather than a specific server location, so no single machine holds the whole picture and no single point of failure can take the data offline.
A single backup tape in a vault and a printed photo album both represent centralized, single-location storage of exactly the kind decentralized storage is designed to move away from, so neither reflects the distributed approach being described.
Supporters of projects like IPFS and Filecoin argue that because data lives across thousands of independent nodes rather than one company's infrastructure, this storage can be more resistant to censorship, outages, or a single company going out of business and taking everyone's files down.
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