What are these qubits called?

Trapped-ion qubits work by taking an atom, stripping off an electron so it carries a charge, and holding it motionless in a vacuum using electric and magnetic fields. Isolated from almost everything that could disturb it, its quantum state stays coherent for a comparatively long time, and lasers can be aimed at it precisely to flip its state or read it out.

Superconducting qubits instead use tiny circuits cooled near absolute zero; they are fast but tend to lose their state sooner. Photonic qubits use particles of light, trading some control precision for the ability to travel through fiber without deep cooling.

Because trapped ions are literally identical atoms of the same element, every qubit built this way behaves exactly like every other, a rare advantage in an engineering field where components normally vary.